Policy-as-Code (PaC)

A Policy-as-Code approach is a cybersecurity practice that defines security policies and compliance rules using machine-readable code rather than traditional documentation.

This methodology treats security policies as software artifacts that can be version-controlled, tested, and automatically deployed across infrastructure and applications.

In Policy-as-Code implementations, security requirements are written in declarative languages or frameworks that can be parsed and enforced by automated systems. Popular tools include Open Policy Agent (OPA), HashiCorp Sentinel, and cloud-native policy engines that integrate with DevOps pipelines. These coded policies can govern everything from access controls and network configurations to data handling procedures and compliance requirements.

The primary advantages include consistent policy enforcement across environments, reduced human error, faster deployment of security updates, and improved auditability through version control systems. When security policies change, updates can be tested in development environments before being automatically rolled out to production systems.

This approach is particularly valuable in cloud-native and DevOps environments where infrastructure changes rapidly and manual policy enforcement becomes impractical. Policy-as-Code enables organizations to scale their security governance while maintaining the agility required for modern software development practices, ensuring that security policies evolve alongside the systems they protect.