Spam

Spam is unsolicited electronic communication, typically email, sent in bulk to numerous recipients.

These messages are usually commercial in nature, promoting products, services, or fraudulent schemes, though spam can also include malicious content designed to compromise systems or steal personal information.

Spam represents one of the most persistent cybersecurity challenges, as it serves as a primary delivery mechanism for phishing attacks, malware distribution, and social engineering attempts. Cybercriminals often use spam to cast wide nets, hoping that even a small percentage of recipients will respond or click malicious links.

Modern spam filtering technologies employ various techniques including content analysis, sender reputation scoring, machine learning algorithms, and blacklists to identify and block unwanted messages. However, spammers continuously evolve their tactics, using techniques like image-based messages, URL shortening, and botnet distribution to bypass filters.

Beyond email, spam has expanded to other platforms including SMS (text spam), social media, instant messaging, and VoIP systems. Organizations typically combat spam through multi-layered approaches combining technical controls, user education, and policy enforcement to reduce both the volume of spam reaching users and the likelihood of successful spam-based attacks.